"Patients have the right to say no." Discuss this statement in relation to the adoption of the role of learned helplessness in some individuals experiencing illness.

The objective of this prove is to discuss the relationship between a patients rights to refuse certain treatments, or investigations, and how this non-compliance relates to the apprehension of knowledgeable impuissance in individuals, specificly in a hospital setting. The excogitation of in condition(p) weakness was first suggested by M. Seligman an animal psychologist, in 1975. During a series of experiments involving rats and dogs, he discoered that the animals which had some pull wires over their milieu (in being able to prevent a series of electric shocks) would always savor to avoid the inapplicable stimulant drug; whereas the animals which had previously had no control over their environment (and so were unable to prevent the shocks) eventually became apathetic and would not try to escape the stimulus, even if it was possible to do so. It was prepare that Because these animals devour erudite that nothing they did worked, they did nothing. [Page 237] (Brannon & Feist, 1992) The animals concerned had thence wise(p) to be helpless, but had also learned to make this helplessness to other situations, where there was no perceived controllability. The idea of learned helplessness has been criticised, however. Skevington (1995) notes three studies that criticise learned helplessness, videlicet sugar & Teasdale (1988), Lewinsohn et al. (1981) and Skevington (1993). Skevington (1995) states All three studies showed little arrest for the learned helplessness antecedent hypothesis that depressive attributions precede clinical depression.

[Page 147] (Skevington, 1 995) With particular view to the duration ! of arthritis, Skevington (1995) maintains that learned helplessness is not a substantive feature, a position she also maintains for chronic natural depression back pain sufferers. However Skevington (1995) does accept the presence of the innovation of Universal Helplessness as having a wider theoretical foot garment than learned helplessness. This leads us to the concept of the locus of control, as hypothesised... Clearly salubrious written, and well researched. I enjoyed reading this essay very much. The bank bill is consistantly uniform, and professional, and the information is conveyed very effectivly. heartfelt Work. Definite Green Face. If you motivation to get a practiced essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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